以地铁为代表的城市交通基础设施建设对企业选址行为具有显著影响,但鲜有文献为服务业企业选址提供微观证据,其集聚机制也有待考察。基于垄断区位竞争理论,首先构建包含信息外部性和有效市场需求的服务业企业选址模型,从理论上分析异质性服务业企业的选址—集聚机制;其次,利用ArcGIS软件将北京市划分为16571个1公里×1公里的均质空间,将其与北京市新增企业工商注册数据进行地理信息匹配,在此基础上采用工具变量2SLS方法、PSM-多期DID方法,实证检验地铁开通对服务业企业选址变化和集聚行为的影响。结果显示,地铁开通促进了服务业企业沿线选址,服务业集聚水平提高了53.8%。机制检验表明,开通地铁一方面能够扩大创新活动的信息溢出以促进生产性服务业集聚,另一方面可通过提升市场有效需求促进生活性服务业集聚。进一步研究发现,在换乘节点、非主城区,新开通地铁线路可推动更多的服务业企业沿线选址,由此产生的服务业企业集聚效应也更高。
The transportation infrastructure represented by subway has a significant impact on the location behavior of enterprises, but there is little literature to provide micro evidence for the location of enterprises in the city, and its agglomeration theoretical mechanism needs to be investigated. Based on the monopoly location competition model, this article firstly constructs an enterprise location selection model containing information externality and effective market demand, to theoretically analyze the location-agglomeration mechanism of service enterprises. Secondly, ArcGIS is used to divide Beijing into 16571 1km×1km homogeneous spaces, which are matched with the data of newly registered industrial and commercial enterprises in Beijing obtained by Python data mining technology. On this basis, the agglomeration effect and enterprise location mechanism of subway opening are empirically tested by using instrumental variable 2SLS method and PSM multi-stage did method, so as to test the theoretical hypothesis. Our results show that the opening of subway increases the agglomeration willingness of service enterprises by 53.8%. The mechanism test results show that the subway promotes the agglomeration of producer services by expanding the information externality of innovation activities, and promotes the agglomeration of living services by improving the effective market demand. Further research has found that the opening of new subway lines at transfer nodes and non-main urban areas promotes more service industry enterprises to choose locations along the route, resulting in a higher agglomeration effect of service industry enterprises.
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