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2025 , Vol. 365 >Issue 12: 75 - 88

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13239/j.bjsshkxy.cswt.251210

经济与社会

住宅环境适老化对老年人内在能力的影响——兼论独居与否的异质性

  • 孙可心 ,
  • 李豪豪
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孙可心(2000—),女,河北张家口人,中国人民大学人口与健康学院、老年学研究所博士研究生,主要研究方向为老年友好型社会、家庭养老。
李豪豪(1996—),女,山东济南人,中国海洋大学国际事务与公共管理学院讲师,博士,主要研究方向为老年社会学

收稿日期: 2025-10-21

  修回日期: 2025-12-10

  网络出版日期: 2026-04-07

基金资助

国家社科基金重大项目(20&ZD114)——“我国医养结合优化模式筛选及推进医养结合全覆盖对策研究”。

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The impact of age - friendly housing environments on older adults’ intrinsic capacities:With a discussion on heterogeneity based on living alone status

  • SUN Ke-xin ,
  • LI Hao-hao
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Received date: 2025-10-21

  Revised date: 2025-12-10

  Online published: 2026-04-07

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摘要

老年人的内在能力是健康老龄化的重要表征,而住宅作为老年人生活的核心情境与其内在能力密切相关。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)数据,运用成长曲线模型,系统分析住宅环境适老化对老年人内在能力的影响,以及不同居住方式下影响效应的异质性。结果显示,老年人的内在能力随年龄增长而持续下降,且衰退速度逐渐加快。同时,独居与否在内在能力变化轨迹上呈现显著的分化态势:独居老年人在老年初期的内在能力相对较低,但衰退速度缓慢,90岁左右时内在能力反而超过非独居老年人。进一步分析显示,住宅环境适老化对老年人内在能力具有显著的促进作用,能有效延缓功能衰退,但其积极效应随年龄增长而逐渐减弱。适老化住宅环境的增益作用在独居老年人中更为突出且持久。基于此,应健全多元支持体系,扩大住宅适老化改造覆盖面;强化住宅适老化改造配套,打造综合性适老环境;注重实行差异化策略,推进住宅适老化改造的精细化与独居关怀。

关键词： 住宅环境适老化; 老年人; 内在能力; 独居; 成长曲线模型

本文引用格式

孙可心 , 李豪豪 . 住宅环境适老化对老年人内在能力的影响——兼论独居与否的异质性[J]. 城市问题, 2025 , 365(12) : 75 -88 . DOI: 10.13239/j.bjsshkxy.cswt.251210

Abstract

Intrinsic capacity of older adults is a key indicator of healthy aging, and the housing environment, as the core setting of their daily life, is closely linked to older adults’ intrinsic capacity. Drawing on data from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this research employs Growth Curve Models to systematically examine the impact of age-friendly housing environments on the trajectory of intrinsic capacity among older adults, and further explore how this effect varies by living arrangement. The results show that older adults’ intrinsic capacity declines progressively with age and accelerating over time. Clear heterogeneity emerges between those living alone and those living with others: older adults living alone exhibit relatively lower levels of intrinsic capacity in early old age but experience slower decline, surpassing those living with others around the age of 90. Additional analyses indicate that age-friendly housing environment significantly promote older adults’ intrinsic capacity, effectively delaying functional decline. However, this positive effect diminishes with increasing age. Moreover, the health gains associated with age-friendly housing are stronger and more enduring among older adults living alone. These findings highlight the need to strengthen multi-level support systems and promote the expansion of age-friendly housing environment; enhance complementary measures to build comprehensive age-friendly living environment; and advance more differentiated strategies particularly targeting the needs of older adults living alone.

Key words： age-friendly housing environment; older adults; intrinsic capacity; living alone; Growth Curve Model

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