基于1998—2025年我国35个城市出台的821份居住类城市更新政策文本,构建“构成要素—动态特征”分析框架,运用扎根理论、机器学习和聚类分析,识别政策工具构成并比较各城市工具组合的结构与阶段变化。研究发现,地方政府主要运用资源配置、制度保障、过程调控和协同动员四类23项政策工具,其组合可归纳为四种模式。各模式的结构与动态特征分别表征为：资源主导延续型中多数城市各阶段均以资源配置为重心;均衡协同调适型整体配置相对均衡,以单次状态调整为主;投入调控波动型兼重资源配置与过程调控,波动显著且转换路径多样;过程治理转向型偏重过程调控,并在显著波动中实现治理重心的阶段转向。各模式的适用性仍需结合城市治理基础与更新需求评估,不宜脱离具体情境判定优劣。
Drawing on 821 policy documents on residential urban regeneration issued by 35 Chinese cities between 1998 and 2025, this study develops an analytical framework encompassing constituent elements and temporal dynamics. It combines Grounded Theory, Machine Learning, and Cluster Analysis to identify the instruments used and compare the structures and phase changes of policy instrument mixes across cities. The findings show that local governments primarily employ 23 policy instruments grouped into four categories: resource allocation; institutional safeguards; process regulation; and collaborative mobilization. These policy instrument mixes can be grouped into four patterns with distinct structural and dynamic characteristics. In the resource dominance with continuity pattern, most cities consistently prioritize resource allocation across stages. The balanced coordination with adaptation pattern features relatively balanced instrument configurations, typically involving a single transition between configuration states. The resource input and regulation with fluctuations pattern emphasizes both resource allocation and process regulation, with pronounced fluctuations and diverse transition pathways. The transition toward process governance pattern places greater emphasis on process regulation and exhibits a shift in governance focus across policy stages amid pronounced fluctuations. The applicability of these patterns requires further assessment in light of local governance conditions and urban regeneration needs; their relative merits should not be judged independently of context.
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