博物馆是低频远距公共建筑的代表。以博物馆为目的地的出行碳排放近年来呈现出高增长、高减碳潜力特征,而相关的空间规划尚缺乏有针对性的低碳配置方法。基于“空间规划—出行行为—碳排放”的理论传导体系,选取天津市的66个博物馆为研究对象,以单日出行前往多个博物馆的“出行关联”为切入点,利用问卷调查和实地调研获取的数据,解释使用者行为和出行碳排放的时空特征,运用多元回归模型验证博物馆空间配置与使用者行为、出行碳排放之间的关联关系并分析空间规划引导机理;综合考虑使用者匹配需求和控碳减排配置目标,探究可引导“出行关联”的有针对性的博物馆低碳空间配置方法。研究结果显示,博物馆的使用行为存在较大比例的“出行关联”;博物馆出行碳排放的空间分布受集聚程度和出行距离的影响,且呈现出随时间波动的特征;引导“出行关联”行为具有显著的减碳效果;以合理控制集聚程度为核心,从数量规模、间距限制和选址布局三个方面优化博物馆空间配置,可实现降低碳总量、提升碳效率的目的。
Museums are representatives of low-frequency and long-distance public buildings. In recent years, the carbon emissions related to museum-oriented travel have shown the characteristics of high growth and high carbon reduction potential, while the spatial planning still lacks targeted low-carbon allocation methods. Based on the theoretical transmission system of “spatial planning - travel behavior - carbon emission”, sixty-six museums in Tianjin were selected as research objects, the “travel association” of single-day trips to multiple museums was taken as the starting point. The data obtained from questionnaire survey and field research was used to explain the spatio-temporal characteristics of user behavior and travel carbon emissions. According to the multiple regression models, the correlations between spatial disposition of museums, behaviors of users and travel carbon emissions were verified, the mechanisms guided by spatial planning were analyzed. Considering the matching requirements of users and the goals of controlling and reducing carbon emissions, the targeted low-carbon spatial disposition methods of museums were explored, which could guide behaviors of “travel association”. The conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a large proportion of “travel association” related to museums; (2) The travel carbon emissions of museums are affected by the degree of concentration and travel distance in spatial distribution, showing the characteristics of fluctuation with time. (3) Guiding “travel association” behaviors has a significant effect of carbon reduction; (4) With reasonable control of concentration degree for museums as the core, the spatial disposition of museums can be optimized in three aspects, which are quantitative scale, spacing restrictions and site layout, achieving the purpose of reducing total carbon and improving carbon efficiency.
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