Since the implementation of the “the Belt and Road” initiative, Overlapping the effects of administrative division adjustment policies, the coordinated development of towns in the border area has steadily improved. However, there are also many problems, especially the differences in the role of border administrative division adjustments in promoting the coordinated development of various subsystems in urban areas. This article constructs a measurement index system for coordinated urban development in the northwest border area, and applies entropy method and coupling coordination degree model to measure the comprehensive development level of urban population, economy, and social environment subsystems in the northwest border area from 2006 to 2019. It analyzes the impact of administrative division adjustment on coordinated urban development. The results show that the adjustment of administrative divisions accelerates the concentration of border population to cities, promotes the allocation of resources, and forms a large-scale urban spatial pattern; The harmonious development index and the comprehensive development level of each sub-system of the northwestern border towns show a steady and increasing trend, and there is a positive correlation between the adjustment of administrative divisions and the harmonious development of urban. The coordinated development index of urban in western Xinjiang, southern Xinjiang and Northern Xinjiang decreased successively. Among the three regions, the coordinated development of urban in western Xinjiang was the highest, and the coordinated development of cities and towns in northern Xinjiang was the lowest.