基于协同治理理论,构建社区居家养老服务协同供给“基础要件—行动过程—产出结果”分析框架,以深圳市W社区为案例,基于2022年11月至2023年11月开展的参与式观察与深度访谈资料,分析超大城市社区居家养老服务协同供给的作用机制。研究表明,各主体间的利益交叉与目标同构、行政和资源支持营造的外部环境以及社会资本和信任塑造的内在禀赋是协同供给达成的前提,多元主体通过征召与放权、培育与赋能、激励与反哺形成双向互动的协同供给过程。协同供给形成聚合力量,有效推进了社区多层次养老服务体系建设和社会资本培育,但也存在协同供给效率、稳定性和可持续性方面的问题。据此提炼出资源保障、党政统筹、赋权增能、志愿激励等社区居家养老服务协同供给机制。以超大城市养老服务问题为切入点的研究及其结论,可一定程度上丰富协同治理理论的应用场景,也可为创新养老服务模式、破解城市养老难题提供参考。
This paper develops an analytical framework based on the collaborative governance theory, consisting of “collaborative prerequisite-collaborative process-collaborative result.” Taking the W community in Shenzhen as the case, the paper analyzes the collaborative supply mechanisms of community home-based elderly care in mega-cities. The study shows that the collaborative prerequisites include shared interest among multi-stakeholders, the external environment created by administrative and resource support, and the intrinsic endowment shaped by social capital and trust. The studied community has formed top-down and bottom-up collaborative processes through government empowerment, enablement and cultivation by social organization, and appropriate incentive structure for the volunteers. The collaborative supply has aggregated forces, effectively promoting the construction of multi-level elderly care system and the cultivation of social capital in the community. However, there are still some problems in collaborative supply’s efficiency, stability, and sustainability. By focusing on the issue of elderly care in mega-cities, this paper enriches the application scenarios of collaborative governance theory and provides new insight in innovating elderly care and addressing urban aging challenges.
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