未来城市发展方向应当从单纯以环境为主体的可持续城市转向以人为本的乐活城市,“产城人”融合发展是走向乐活城市的必经之路。本文从“兴产业”“聚人气”“求安逸”三个维度构建强调短板制约的乐活城市指数,对我国252个城市的乐活城市建设现状进行评价。研究发现,全国乐活城市建设水平存在较大差异,大约70%的城市存在各种短板制约。根据乐活城市指数特征,将252个城市划分为产城融合型、公共服务型、新兴产业型、生活消费型、产城滞后型五个类型。产城滞后型城市又可依据短板制约因素及种类分为产城融合起步城市、民生保障短板城市、产业发展短板城市、工商业短板城市、产业民生短板城市和“产城人”短板城市等六个亚类。另外,经济发展、人口流动与乐活城市建设水平相互影响,乐活城市建设水平和经济发展水平同时作用于城市人口吸引力的提升。
The development direction of future city should shift from an environment-centered sustainable city to humanity-oriented LOHAS city, with the integration of “industry-city-people” serving as the necessary pathway toward LOHAS city. This study constructs a LOHAS city index, which emphasizes bottleneck constraints, along three dimensions: industrial promotion, population attraction, and the pursuit of comfort. The index is applied to evaluate the current status of LOHAS city construction in 252 domestic cities. The evaluation results reveal that significant disparities exist in LOHAS city construction levels, with approximately 70% of cities experiencing various bottleneck constraints. Based on the evaluation results, the 252 cities are categorized into five types: industry-urban integration, public service, emerging industry, lifestyle consumption, and lagging industry-urban integration. Furthermore, the lagging industry-urban integration type is subdivided into six subcategories: nascent industry-urban integration, public service deficiency, industrial development deficiency, commercial and industrial deficiency, combined industrial and public service deficiency, and industry-city-people deficiency. This study finds that economic development, population mobility, and the LOHAS city construction level interact with each other, and both the LOHAS city construction level and economic development jointly contribute to enhancing urban population attractiveness.
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