利用新开通地铁线路设置准自然实验,根据2007—2020年北京市16571个均质的1平方公里地理单元的夜间灯光数据、土地交易数据、新增工商注册企业选址数据、工业企业数据以及人口分布数据,尝试从微观视角考察地铁线路对城市边界与空间结构的影响。研究发现,每增加一个地铁站点,能使城市建成区面积扩大2.741平方公里。随着地铁线路的增加,城市去中心化和分散化趋势趋于明显,北京逐步从“单中心城市”转变为“多中心城市”。生产性服务业与工业企业的差异化选址行为是导致北京城市结构演变的重要机制。新增地铁线路通过抬高地铁周边地价促成生产性服务业向中心区集聚,工业企业转至外围区,由此带来的职住分离推动生活性服务业在新居住中心周围再次集聚,从而形成多中心的结构变化趋势。基于研究结论提出政策建议,以期为北京进一步利用地铁线路优化空间结构和有效拓展城市边界提供经验借鉴。
Using a quasi-natural experiment of newly opened subway lines and data from 16571 homogeneous 1 square kilometer geographical units in Beijing, this study attempts to examine the impact of subway lines on urban boundaries and spatial structure from a micro perspective. We found that: Adding one subway station can expand the built-up area of the city by 2.741 km2; With the increase of subway lines, the trend of urban decentralization and decentralization has become apparent, and the spatial structure of cities has gradually shifted from “single center cities” to “multi-center cities”; The heterogeneity of location selection between productive service industries and industrial enterprises is an important mechanism leading to the evolution of urban structure. The increase in land prices caused by the addition of new routes leads to the agglomeration of productive service industries towards the central area, and the relocation of industrial areas to peripheral areas. The resulting separation of work and residence promotes the re accumulation of life service industries around the new residential center, thus forming a multi-center structural change trend. Based on the above conclusions, the article provides policy insights for Beijing to further optimize spatial structure and effectively expand urban boundaries through the use of subway lines.
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