基于我国18个省份的4074份调查数据,构建包含数字接入、数字认知、数字技能与数字应用的四维数字能力指标体系,实证检验数字能力对劳动者就业稳定性的影响效应与传导机制。研究发现,数字能力显著提升了劳动者的就业稳定性,不同维度的影响程度存在差异,数字应用效果最显著,数字认知作用相对较弱。数字能力对农业户口和低教育程度群体的稳就业作用尤为显著,表现出明显的补偿效应。机制检验进一步表明,数字能力主要通过优化岗位匹配、拓展社会资本和改善工作报酬三条路径增强就业稳定性,而专业技术水平的中介作用并不显著。研究结果揭示了数字时代的技能回报逻辑,对于弥合数字鸿沟、构建包容性数字就业环境、提升劳动者数字能力具有政策启示意义。
Based on survey data from 4074 individuals across 18 provinces in China, this paper constructs a four-dimensional digital capability indicator system encompassing digital access, digital cognition, digital skills, and digital application to empirically examine the impact and transmission mechanisms of digital capability on workers’ employment stability. The results find that digital capability significantly enhance workers’ employment stability, with varying degrees of influence across different dimensions; digital application has the most significant effect, while digital cognition plays a relatively weaker role. The promoting effect of digital capability on employment stability is particularly notable for workers with agricultural household registration and lower educational levels, showing a clear compensatory effect. Mechanism tests further indicate that digital capability primarily enhances employment stability through three pathways: optimizing person-job matching, expanding social capital, and improving earnings, whereas the mediating effect of professional and technical skills is not significant. The results reveal the skill-based returns logic in the digital ear, which has important policy implications for bridging the digital divide, building an inclusive digital employment environment, and enhancing workers’ digital capability.
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