以国家超算中心的设立作为准自然实验，基于2005—2023年我国280个地级市数据，采用多期DID与QCA方法探讨算力基础设施建设对城市创业活跃度的影响及其机制。研究发现，算力基础设施建设显著提升了城市创业活跃度，该结论在多种稳健性检验后依然成立，且这种作用在高市场潜力城市、中西部地区、资源错配高的城市更为明显。机制检验发现，算力基础设施建设可以通过创新供需赋能效应、治理优化效应和人力要素重组效应系统提升城市创业活跃度。从组态视角看，算力基础设施建设赋能城市创业活跃度存在技术—金融双驱型、人才—生态内生型、要素—治理协同型三条路径。研究结论可为布局算力基础设施、激活城市创业活力提供理论解释与实证依据。

Taking the establishment of national supercomputing centers as a quasi-natural experiment， this study employs a multi-period difference-in-differences （DID） and qualitative comparative analysis （QCA） approach to explore the impact of computing power infrastructure construction on urban entrepreneurial activity and its mechanisms. The findings reveal that the construction of computing power infrastructure significantly enhances urban entrepreneurial activity， and this conclusion remains valid after various robustness tests. Moreover， this effect is more pronounced in cities with high market potential， in the central and western regions， and in cities with high resource misallocation. Mechanism tests show that the construction of computing power infrastructure can systematically enhance urban entrepreneurial activity through the innovation supply and demand empowerment effect， governance optimization effect， and human capital reorganization effect. From a configuration perspective， there are three paths for computing power infrastructure construction to empower urban entrepreneurial activity： a technology-financial dual-driven type， a talent-ecosystem endogenous type， and a factor-governance collaborative type. The research conclusions provide theoretical explanations and empirical evidence for the layout of computing power infrastructure and the activation of urban entrepreneurial activity.