以特高压工程建设为准自然实验，利用2006－2023年中国地级市面板数据，考察新型能源基础设施建设对城市能源错配的影响。研究发现，特高压工程建设改善了城市能源错配。机制分析表明，特高压工程建设通过降低能源空间流动成本、促进产业集聚和强化区域协同发展三条路径改善能源错配。在空间溢出方面，改善效应具有显著的空间溢出特征，溢出边界约300千米。异质性分析发现，改善效应主要体现在东中部地区及能源错配类型集聚的城市。在西部地区，由于产业锁定与跨区域补偿机制缺失，特高压工程建设反而加剧了能源不足地区的错配问题。据此提出精准优化特高压工程空间布局、创新跨区域制度设计、强化区域赋能、分类推进特高压工程建设与区域能源配置优化协同发展的政策建议。

Taking the construction of ultra-high voltage projects （UHVP） as a quasi-natural experiment， this paper investigates the impact of new energy infrastructure development on urban energy mismatch using panel data of Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2006 to 2023. The study finds that UHVP construction has significantly mitigated urban energy mismatch. Mechanism analysis shows that it reduces mismatch through three paths： reducing the spatial flow cost of energy， promoting industrial agglomeration， and strengthening regional coordinated development. In terms of spatial spillover， the mitigation effect has significant spatial spillover characteristics， with a spillover boundary of about 300 kilometers. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the mitigation effect is mainly reflected in cities in the eastern and central regions and those with concentrated energy mismatch types； in the western region， due to the lack of industrial lock-in and cross-regional compensation mechanisms， UHVP construction has instead exacerbated the mismatch problem in areas with insufficient energy. Based on this， it is proposed to accurately optimize the spatial layout of UHVP， innovate cross-regional institutional design， strengthen regional empowerment， and promote the coordinated development of UHV project construction and regional energy allocation optimization in a classified manner.