运用Super-SBM模型测度中国284个地级城市的碳排放效率,从时空维度分析城市碳排放效率的演变和分异特征,采用Dagum基尼系数法对城市碳排放效率的区域差异进行测算和分解,通过构建绝对/条件β收敛模型考察其收敛性。研究发现,2009—2020年,中国地级城市碳排放效率呈现“先下降—后上升”的“U”型发展趋势,在空间上具有明显的“小分散大集聚”的俱乐部特征。在区域差异上,东中西部、南北方的区域间差异均呈现扩大趋势。东中西部地区碳排放效率区域间差异的来源由超变密度向三者相对均衡的状态转变,南北方地区碳排放效率区域间差异主要由区域内差异贡献。全国城市、东中西和南北区域碳排放效率均存在绝对β收敛和条件β收敛,中部地区收敛速度较快,西部地区收敛速度相对较慢,低碳技术创新、创业活跃度、工业发展规模、基础设施建设水平和财政分权水平对碳排放效率变化率的影响存在显著的差异性。
This paper measured the carbon emission efficiency of 284 prefecture-level cities in China by using the Super-SBM mode, analyzed the evolution and differentiation characteristics of the carbon emission efficiency of these cities in both temporal and spatial dimensions, and evaluated the regional differences in urban carbon emission efficiency with Dagum Gini Coefficient, thereby further investigating its convergence through erecting the absolute/conditional β convergence model. According to the study, China's prefecture-level cities showed a “U-shaped” development trend of “falling first and then rising” from 2009 to 2020 and showed a club feature of “small dispersion and large agglomeration” in space. In terms of regional differences, East-West, East-Central, and Central-Western regions showed an increasing trend. The source contribution of regional differences in carbon emission efficiency in the eastern, central, and western regions has changed from super variable density to a relatively balanced state. The main contributor to the North-South intra-regional difference in carbon efficiency is the inter-regional difference. Absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence exist in urban, eastern, western, and northern and southern regions across the country. The convergence rate is faster in the central region and slower in the western region. Moreover, there are significant differences in the impact of low-carbon technology innovation, entrepreneurial activity, industrial development scale, infrastructure construction level, and fiscal decentralization level on the change rate in carbon emission efficiency.
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